This inaugural lesson of the OSOYOO V3 Robot Car Kit focuses on the foundational mechanical and electrical assembly of the robotic platform. The primary objective is to construct a stable and functional chassis, integrating the core components necessary for subsequent lessons. Successful completion of this module ensures the proper functioning of the microcontroller unit (MCU), motor drive system, power distribution, and the structural integrity of the chassis. This serves as a critical “Hello World” equivalent for hardware, validating the fundamental interconnections and operational readiness of the robot car
2Parts and Devices:
For the initial assembly phase, the following components are required. Please ensure all parts are accounted for prior to commencing the build
No.
Picture
Device
Qty.
Accessories
Link
1
OSOYOO basic board
1
M3 Plastic Screw x 3
M3 Plastic Nut x 4
M3 Plastic Pillar x 4
1) Remove the protective film on upper and low car chassis (Each car chassis has one protective film)
2) fix 4 motors with Metal Motor Holders as follows (Please check the motor direction before installing metal motor holders)
3) Fix 4 motors on lower car chassis with screw M3*10 hex screws via hex screwdriver(screws for this step are in metal motor holder package)
4) Install OSOYOO MODEL V motor driver module to lower car chassis with 4pcs M3 plastic screws, plastic pillars and plastic nuts. (Please make sure you install the OSOYOO MODEL V motor driver module in the correct direction.)
5) Install voltage meter on low car chassis with 2pcs M3 plastic screws, plastic pillars and plastic nuts
6) Fix OSOYOO basic board on upper car chassis with 4pcs M3 plastic screws, plastic pillars and plastic nuts. (Please install board at the side with printing)
7) Fix this Battery Box on upper chassis with 4pcs M3 x 10 screws and M3 nuts.
8) Insert OSOYOO WIfi/BLE I/O shield onto OSOYOO Basic board
Connection
0) Please confirm OSOYOO Model V motor shield and OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O Shield with jumper caps as following (as default)
1) Connect 4 motors to OSOYOO MODEL V motor shield K1 to K4 sockets as per following graph:
2) Connect Voltage Meter to OSOYOO MODEL V motor shield with 3pin female to female jumper wire as below connection diagram
3) Connect OSOYOO MODEL V motor shield 6 control pins to OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O shield D6, D7, D8, D9, D11, D12 with 6pin male to 6pin female jumper wire, and 12V-GND (VIN) socket to VIN-GND (V_OUT) socket with OSOYOO 2pin PnP cable 20 cm as per following graph Caution:
When insert/remove this 6-pin plug into Model X 6-pin male socket, please hold the plastic pin-holder to do operation. Never drag the wires to pull the plug out of the socket, otherwise it will damage the wires.
4) Connect battery box to VIN-GND (V_IN) socket of OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O shield according to connection diagram
5) Connect upper chassis to lower chassis with five copper pillars and fix copper pillars with 10pcs M3*10 hex screws, then install 4 wheels onto the motors. (Please loosen the screws on the wheel if some of the wheels don’t move)
Now hardware installation is almost down. Before we install 18650 batteries into the box, we need to burn the sample code into the board First.
2. Code Acquisition: Download the provided sample code for Lesson 1 from here. Extract the contents and you will get a v3car-lesson1.ino in the folder v3car-lesson1.
3. Board and Port Selection: Connect the OSOYOO Basic Board (compatible with Arduino UNO) to your computer via a USB cable(Crucially, ensure the robot car’s power switch is OFF and the battery is disconnected before connect the board to your PC). Launch the Arduino IDE. Navigate to Tools > Board and select Arduino Uno. Then, go to Tools > Port and select the appropriate serial port. If unsure, check your operating system’s device manager for the assigned port.
4. Code Upload: Open the lesson1.ino sketch in the Arduino IDE. Click the “Upload” button (right arrow icon) to compile and transfer the sketch to OSOYOO Basic Board.
5Functional Testing and Verification
Note: 1) Recommend 18650 batteries as these batteries can make the car run smoothly. 2) The 18650 batteries we used in lessons are around 65 mm (2.56 inch) long, without an internal protection circuit. 3) Check the box instruction and make sure polar direction is correct, otherwise it can destroy your device and cause fire hazard. After successful code upload, disconnect OSOYOO basic board from the PC. Insert the 18650 batteries into the battery box, observing correct polarity.
Place the robot car on a flat surface and activate both switches on battery box and OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O Shield as the below. The robot car should execute a predefined sequence of movements:
1. Forward Movement for 2 seconds
2. Backward Movement for 2 seconds
3. Left Turn for 2 seconds
4. Right Turn for 2 seconds
5. Stop
If the robot car deviates from this expected behavior, refer to the troubleshooting section below.
6Motor Control Logic
The OSOYOO Model V Motor Shield utilizes an H-bridge circuit to control the direction and speed of the DC motors. Understanding this logic is fundamental for advanced programming.
Input Pins
Logic Level (IN1/IN2 or IN3/IN4)
Motor Group
Direction
IN1 / IN2
LOW / HIGH
K1 / K2
Backward
IN3 / IN4
HIGH / LOW
K3 / K4
Forward
IN3 / IN4
LOW / HIGH
K3 / K4
Backward
IN1 / IN2
HIGH / LOW
K1 / K2
Forward
• Speed Control: The ENA and ENB pins, typically connected to PWM-capable digitalpins on Arduino, control the rotational speed of motor groups K1/K2 and K3/K4, respectively. By varying the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle, the effective voltage supplied to the motors is adjusted, thereby controlling their speed.
• Pin Mapping: ENA , ENB , IN1 , IN2 , IN3 , and IN4 on the Motor Shield are mapped to digital pins of Arduino (here using D9, D6, D12, D11, D7, D8) via jumper wires.
7Troubleshooting
1. Motors Not Moving / Intermittent Movement :
Power Supply: Verify battery voltage (must be >7.2V). Recharge or replace batteries if necessary. Ensure two switchs are in the ‘ON’ position.
Wiring: Double-check all motor and power connections for correct polarity and secure seating.
Motor Shield Seating: Ensure 6 control pins of OSOYOO Model V motor Shield is firmly and correctly seated with OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O shield, with all pins aligned. If necessary, replace the custom jumper wires connecting OSOYOO Model V motor driver board’s control pins to OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O shield with six female-to-female jumper wires.
Motor Functionality: If only one motor is problematic, swap it with a known working motor (if available) or test it independently to diagnose a potential motor defect.
2. Incorrect Movement Direction:
If the robot moves in the opposite direction to the programmed sequence, check that the solder joints for the red and black wires on all motors are in the correct positions. and ensure 6 control pins of OSOYOO Model V motor Shield is correctly seated with OSOYOO Wifi/BLE I/O shield.
3. Arduino IDE Connection Issues:
• Driver Installation: Ensure the correct USB-to-Serial drivers for your Arduino board are installed.
• Port Selection: Confirm the correct COM port is selected in Arduino IDE. On Windows, this can be verified in Device Manager under “Ports”.
If all above can’t solve your issue, you can send your problem detail to [email protected] or leave comment under this tutorial and our tech support team will help you.
